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ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Scutellariae Radix （SR）-Paeoniae Radix Rubra （PRR） combination of different proportions on the expression of the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear transcription factor κB （NF-κB） and phosphatidylinositol kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathways in liver tissues of rats with hepatic fibrosis and explore the mechanism against hepatic fibrosis. MethodSixty male SD rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， a positive control （silymarin） group， and SR-PRR 1∶1， SR-PRR 1∶2， and SR-PRR 1∶4 groups， with 10 rats in each group. The hepatic fibrosis model was induced in rats except for those in the normal group by intraperitoneal injection of 40% tetrachloromethane （CCl4）-olive oil solution at 3 mL·kg-1， 5 mL·kg-1 for the first time， for 8 weeks， twice per week. After 4 weeks， rats were treated correspondingly at 10 mL·kg-1 by intragastric administration， and the body weight of rats in each group was weighed for 8 weeks. After administration， histopathological changes in the liver were observed. Serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， hyaluronic acid （HA）， laminin （LN）， albumin （ALB）， alkaline phosphatase （AKP）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activities， malondialdehyde （MDA）， and hydroxyproline （HYP） content in liver tissues were detected. The mRNA expression levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， PI3K， Akt， and mTOR in the liver of rats were detected by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the model group， SR-PRR combination of different proportions could recover the body weight and improve the pathological injury of the liver. As revealed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） results， compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased ALT， AST， HA， LN， AKP， MDA， and HYP levels to different degrees （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the groups with drug intervention showed decreased levels of ALT， AST， HA， LN， AKP， MDA， and HYP， potentiated SOD activity， and increased level of ALB （P<0.05）. As revealed by Real-time PCR results， compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased mRNA expression of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， PI3K， Akt， and mTOR （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the groups with drug intervention showed reduced mRNA expression of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， PI3K， Akt， and mTOR in the liver of rats （P<0.05）. ConclusionSR-PRR combination of different proportions can improve the histopathological injury in liver tissues caused by CCl4， with the optimal effect observed in the SR-PRR 1∶4 group. SR-PRR may inhibit the development of liver fibrosis by inhibiting the expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways， thereby alleviating chemical-induced liver injury.
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Objective: To explore the effect of Scutellariae Radix on the diversity of intestinal flora in rats under physiological conditions, in order to determine the property of Scutellariae Radix property. Method: 16S rRNA high-throughput gene sequencing technique was used to detect the cecum solutes of rats treated with Scutellariae Radix (10 g·kg-1). The number, richness and diversity index of the intestinal flora taxon (OTUs) and the differential phylum and genus were comprehensively analyzed. The network visualization was used to find the correlation between differential phylum and genus. Result: Based on the Illumina Miseq platform, compared with the blank group, the number of OTUs and the index of richness and diversity of the intestinal flora of the rats treated with Scutellariae Radix decreased. Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes were significantly up-regulated(PPPPPRuminococcus, Paraprevotella, Prevotella and Oscillospira. Conclusion: Scutellariae Radix can reduce the diversity of intestinal flora and inhibit the metabolism of the body, so its property is cold.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of personnel activities and air purifiers on airborne microorganisms and particulate matter in bronchoscopy room.Methods According to whether there was personal activity and air purifier in the bronchoscopy room,the experiment was divided into four groups:dynamic non-purification group,dynamic purification group,static non-purification group,and static purification group,indoor air samples were collected and analyzed at five different time points (0,0.5,1,2,4 h),microorganisms in the air were collected by planktonic method,then cultured and counted,concentration of particulate matter was determined by DT-9881M laser dust particle counter,variance analysis of factorial design was used for statistical analysis.Results Colony count/concentration of airborne bacteria,fungi,total microorganisms (bacteria + fungi),PM2.5,and PM2.5-10.0 in dynamic non purification group were (113.53 ± 7.78) CFU/m3,(89.67 ± 7.17) CFU/m3,(203.20 ± 10.92) CFU/m3,(86 557.20 ±4 158.29) counts/m3,and (659.69 ± 38.91) counts/m3 respectively,in static non-purification group were (84.33 ± 3.65) CFU/m3,(65.00 ± 2.65)CFU/m3,(149.33 ± 4.98) CFU/m3,(45 812.64 ±1 279.61) counts/m3,and (189.15 ± 4.64) counts/m3 respectively,in dynamic purification group were (84.80 ±8.08) CFU/m3,(90.40 ± 5.50) CFU/m3,(175.20 ± 9.22) CFU/m3,(49 336.38 ± 2 039.16) counts/m3,and (218.36 ± 7.02) counts/m3 respectively,in static purification group were (67.80 ± 5.63) CFU/m3,(38.27 ± 3.70)CFU/m3,(106.07 ± 6.76) CFU/m3,(29 772.53 ± 2 212.93) counts/m3,and (124.80 ± 7.16) counts/m3 respectively.Colony count/concentration of airborne bacteria,total microorganisms,PM2.5,and PM2.s 10.0 in dynamic group were all higher than those in static group,non-purification group were higher than purification group(both P ＜0.05),colony count of fungi in dynamic non-purification group was higher than static non-purification group,in static purification group was lower than static non-purification group(both P＜0.05),there was no significant difference between dynamic purification group and dynamic non-purification group (P =0.936).Conclusion Personal activities can increase colony count/concentration of microorganisms and particulate matter in bronchoscopy room,air purifier can reduce the bacteria,total microbial count,and particulate matter in the air of bronchoscopy room.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Patients with central tracheobronchial benign or malignant lesions who have not recieved surgical treatment can be treated by interventional techniques, such as laser, afterloading radiotherapy, cryotherapy, photodynamics treatment, radiofrequency ablation and stenting, etc. The accuracy of the invasive depth of central lesion in tracheobronchial wall plays an important role in making interventional treatment plan. This study used radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (RP-EBUS) scanning to evaluate the accuracy of the invasive depth of central lesions in tracheobronchial wall, and the influence of RP-EBUS scanning in treatment plan making and guidance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This was a prospective study of consecutive patients with central tracheobronchial lesions found by CT or bronchoscopy. We performed EBUS scanning after common bronchoscopy under local anesthesia. A radial ultrasonic probe (2.0 mm in diameter with 20-MHz frequency) with a balloon sheath was introduced through the 2.8-mm-diameter channel of a flexible bronchoscope. The balloon at the tip of the probe was inflated with distilled water until coupling with the airway wall under endoscopic control. The circular image of EBUS, which revealed the layered structure of the tracheobronchial wall, could be achieved.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Total of 125 patients were enrolled in the study. Thirty patients underwent surgical operation and pathologically proved the RP-EBUS diagnosis accuracy of tumor invasive depth in tracheobroncial wall was 90% (27/30), sensitivity and specificity were 88.89% (24/27) and 100% (3/3), respectively. In response to EBUS images, 40 approaches were altered or guided: lymph-node metastasis and compressive lesions was diagnosed by EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) (n = 8); Lesions ablation with laser or electricity were stopped when EBUS demonstrated close range with vessels or perforation possibility (n = 13), stents size were changed (n = 14), operation was canceled (n = 3) and foreign body was removed (n = 2). No complication associated with the use of EBUS was observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RP-EBUS can be a useful tool in assessing the central lesion invasive depth to the tracheobronchial wall.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Bronchi , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Bronchial Neoplasms , Pathology , Bronchoscopy , Methods , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Prospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Trachea , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
The mesaconitine and its major metabolites in the rat urine were identified by liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The rat urine was collected for consecutive 24 hours from the rat following intragastric infusion of mesaconitine, subsequently which were enriched and purified using solid phase extraction. The metabolites of mesaconitine in the rat urine were analyzed by the liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. It is shown that the parent drug mesaconitine and its metabolites were found in the rat urine, such as hypo-mesaconitine glucuronic acid conjugate, 10-hydroxy-mesaconitine, 1-O-demethyl mesaconitine, deoxy-mesaconitine and hypo-mesaconitine. Among the five of metabolites, the hypo-mesaconitine glucuronic acid conjugate (m/z 766) was first discovered as the aconitine in rats phase II metabolites, which revealed a new way of mesaconitine metabolism in rats.